Nondestructive Measurement of Orbital Angular Momentum for an Electron Beam

Free electrons with a helical phase front, referred to as "twisted" electrons, possess an orbital angular momentum (OAM) and, hence, a quantized magnetic dipole moment along their propagation direction. This intrinsic magnetic moment can be used to probe material properties. Twisted electrons thus have numerous potential applications in materials science. Measuring this quantity often relies on a series of projective measurements that subsequently change the OAM carried by the electrons. In this Letter, we propose a nondestructive way of measuring an electron beam's OAM through the interaction of this associated magnetic dipole with a conductive loop. Such an interaction results in the generation of induced currents within the loop, which are found to be directly proportional to the electron's OAM value. Moreover, the electron experiences no OAM variations and only minimal energy losses upon the measurement, and, hence, the nondestructive nature of the proposed technique.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, and supplemental material that is comprised of text and 4 figure

Quantum process tomography of a high-dimensional quantum communication channel

The characterization of quantum processes, e.g. communication channels, is an essential ingredient for establishing quantum information systems. For quantum key distribution protocols, the amount of overall noise in the channel determines the rate at which secret bits are distributed between authorized partners. In particular, tomographic protocols allow for the full reconstruction, and thus characterization, of the channel. Here, we perform quantum process tomography of high-dimensional quantum communication channels with dimensions ranging from 2 to 5. We can thus explicitly demonstrate the effect of an eavesdropper performing an optimal cloning attack or an intercept-resend attack during a quantum cryptographic protocol. Moreover, our study shows that quantum process tomography enables a more detailed understanding of the channel conditions compared to a coarse-grained measure, such as quantum bit error rates. This full characterization technique allows us to optimize the performance of quantum key distribution under asymmetric experimental conditions, which is particularly useful when considering high-dimensional encoding schemes.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure

Non-social consumption of alcohol: its identification in the community for its prevention and treatment

Introduction: Alcohol abuse includes high social and economic costs. The prevalence of problems related with alcohol is higher in persons with a non- social consumption, which do not have a criterion to be diagnosed as an alcoholic. In the Health Primary Attention, the recognition of this people through an active investigation, allows their treatment in a medical institution. Objective: To characterize people with alcohol abuse. Material and Methods: A descriptive and transversal investigation was conducted at “Héroes del Moncada” and “Héroes de Corynthia” Policlinics in the neighborhood of Vedado. The patients’ demographic and diagnostic data with alcohol abuse was collected from the family registry of Family Doctors, formal and non- formal leaders of the community were interviewed to find new cases and identify the presence of sale points and habitual meeting places. Results: Prevailed the masculine sex, workers and older than 40 with diagnostic of alcoholic dependence followed by harmful consumption and an easy access to places where alcoholic drinks are expended with a variety of prices. Conclusions: Exist an outdated registration of people with alcohol abuse existed, being able to make its update. It is identified with more facility the advanced of the illness but not the risk consumption. Social acceptance of the consumption exists. A plan for the prevention and attention of the problems was recommend.  Keywords: Investigation, risk consumption, alcohol abuse, alcoholic dependence.</p

Hipotermia transquirúrgica en pacientes sometidos a anestesia general en el Hospital Escuela “Antonio Lenin Fonseca” en el período comprendido septiembre-diciembre 2021

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar la incidencia de la hipotermia transquirurgica en pacientes sometidos a anestesia general en el Hospital Escuela “Antonio Lenín Fonseca”. Se identificaron los factores de riesgo relacionados a la hipotermia, signos y síntomas relacionados a la hipotermia, y se determinó en cuáles procedimientos quirúrgicos fue más frecuente la incidencia de la hipotermia. La investigación fue de enfoque investigativo, de diseño no experimental, corte transversal y de alcance prospectivo. Se evaluaron un total de 50 pacientes, para los cuales utilizamos de instrumento una encuesta donde estaban incluidos los factores más importantes de la investigación, creada por nosotros mismos. Para el procesamiento de datos se utilizó el programa IBM SPSSv.25. Se concluyó que la hipotermia transquirurgica se presentó por igual en pacientes jóvenes y adultos mayores, tanto en el sexo femenino como el sexo masculino, en su mayoría pacientes ASA II, en relación a la especialidad quirúrgica con mayoría de casos de hipotermia fue neurocirugía, por sus largas duraciones debido a la complejidad de los procedimientos quirúrgicos. Las recomendaciones que indicamos fueron implementar mejores medidas de prevención a la pérdida de calor a la que están expuestos los pacientes, como calentadores para los líquidos intravenosos, mantas térmicas y que se proporcionen monitores para medir temperatura central, así tener una adecuada vigilancia del paciente bajo anestesi